Table 1: Demographic, dietary, and lifestyle characteristics of individuals according to gender.
|
Characteristics |
Men (n = 143) |
Women (n = 775) |
Total (n = 918) |
p* |
|
Age (year) |
27.8 ± 9.97 |
24.7 ± 6.27 |
25.2 ± 7.05 |
< 0.001* |
|
BMI (kg/m2) |
25.5 ± 6.99 |
22.1 ± 6.63 |
22.6 ± 6.80 |
< 0.001* |
|
BMI classification |
|
|
|
|
|
- Underweight |
3 (2.1%) |
118 (15.2%) |
121 (13.2%) |
< 0.001* |
|
- Normal weight |
86 (60.1%) |
523 (67.5%) |
609 (66.3%) |
|
|
- Overweight |
42 (29.4%) |
99 (12.8%) |
141 (15.4%) |
|
|
- Obese |
12 (8.4%) |
35 (4.5%) |
47 (5.1%) |
|
|
Education Status |
|
|
|
|
|
- Primary school |
4 (2.8%) |
10 (1.2%) |
14 (1.5%) |
0.034* |
|
- High school |
11 (7.7%) |
31 (4.0%) |
41 (4.6%) |
|
|
- Graduate |
111 (77.6%) |
653 (84.3%) |
764 (83.2%) |
|
|
- Postgraduate |
17 (11.9%) |
81 (10.5%) |
98 (10.7%) |
|
|
Physical activity |
|
|
|
|
|
- Low |
45 (31.5%) |
331 (42.7%) |
376 (40.9%) |
0.214 |
|
- Moderate |
85 (59.4%) |
426 (55.0%) |
511 (55.7%) |
|
|
- High |
13 (9.1%) |
18 (2.3%) |
31 (3.4%) |
|
|
Dietary composition |
|
|
|
|
|
- Energy (kcal) |
2517 ± 1484 |
2404 ± 1050 |
2422 ± 1129 |
0.271 |
|
- Carbohydrates - (% EI) |
36.5 ± 6.00 |
36.3 ± 6.43 |
36.3 ± 6.36 |
0.712 |
|
- Protein (% EI) |
15.0 ± 3.26 |
15.0 ± 2.80 |
15.0 ± 2.87 |
0.892 |
|
- Fat (% EI) |
48.5 ± 6.23 |
48.7 ± 6.57 |
48.7 ± 6.51 |
0.653 |
|
- Fibre (g) |
35.7 ± 20.20 |
34.6 ± 15.16 |
34.7 ± 16.05 |
0.418 |
|
MEDAS score |
6.7 ± 2.02 |
7.1 ± 1.92 |
7.1 ± 1.94 |
0.013* |
|
SWEMBS score |
25.3 ± 5.25 |
24.4 ± 4.65 |
24.6 ± 4.76 |
0.028* |
Values are expressed as means and standard deviation (M ± SD) for continuous variables or as number and percentage (n (%)) for categorical variables.
BMI: Body Mass Index; EI: Energy Intake; MEDAS: Mediterranean Diet Adherence Scale; SWEMBS: Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale.
*The t test and One-Way ANOVA test were performed to evaluate differences by gender. Significance for variables is accepted as p < 0.05.